Chinese characters evolved from pictures and signs, and the unique Chinese calligraphy came into being during the development of writing. Using fine paper, brushes and ink, calligraphers have evolved a richly varied tradition of calligraphic styles, which have been handed down from generation to generation.

Great calligraphers came to the fore in each dynasty. Their calligraphy and styles thus became representative of their time. The best-known of them was the "Sage Calligrapher" Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His cursive script is handsome, bold and unrestrained, and has been described as "like dragons flying and phoenixes dancing." His son, Wang Xianzhi, was also a famous calligrapher. The Tang Dynasty was a brilliant age of calligraphy. Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan were the great master calligraphers of that time, and their works have been models for students of calligraphy to this day.

The modern master calligrapher is Wu Changshuo. His work often appears on paintings, in a seal-like format.

The Chinese Calligraphers' Association and local calligraphers' associations at all levels often stage competitions and hold exhibitions. Universities, enterprises and institutions have their own calligraphy associations.