Qu Aitang, Ethnic Tibetans Spoken and Written Language, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, June 1996. 192 pp. Charts. 18 cm. ISBN 7-80057-278-1. Tibet Knowledge Series. Two parts: Tibetan spoken language and written language, introducing Tibetan phonetics, words, grammar, dialects and written language, with the emphasis on the Lhasa language, supplemented with some other dialects to show the unique features of Tibetan language. Differences between dialects are introduced in a special section. With Chinese, Tibetan and English editions.

Hu Shujin, A Collection of Theses on the Study of Tibetan Language, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, September 1997. 318 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5409-2069-6. Twenty-eight articles selected from the author's works published since the 1980s, including "The Syntax Functions of Tibetan Auxiliary Words and the Characteristics of These Words," "A Brief Account of Tibetan Connective Words," "The Relationship Between the Dividing Line of a Language and That of an Ethnic Group," and "Training Bilingual Personnel for the 21st Century-the Practice of Tibetan and Han-Chinese Bilingual Education in Colleges for Ethnic Minorities," involving language and ethnic groups, language and culture, language and education, bilingual system, Tibetan grammar, words, and Tibetan language teaching. With a preface by Yangling Dorje.

Tsewang Lhamo, An Introduction to Tibetan Linguistics, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, October 1998. 289 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-306-0. The author, a contemporary Tibetan young woman scholar, gives a detailed discussion of the origin, evolution and basic characteristics of Tibetan spoken and written language.

Tibetan Terminology Standardization Work Committee, ed, Collected Theses on the Study of Tibetan Spoken and Written Language, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, September 1999. 699 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03 018-6. A collection of works by more than 40 Tibetan scholars of the older generation and young linguists, such as Gendun Chophel, Tseten Shabdrung, Muge Samten, Dongkar Losang Trinley, and Chapai Cedain Puncog. Appendixes: "Tibet Autonomous Region's Regulations and Rules Regarding the Study, Use and Development of Tibetan Spoken and Written Language" and their "Detailed Rules and Regulations on Execution."

Tashi Phuntsok, Principle of Sabdavidya Linguistics (two volumes), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, October 1999. 1,128 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02987-0. The ABC of Sabdavidya, giving a detailed explanation of the classic al work of "Wonderful Sound of Sabdavidya" of an Indian Sabdavidya branch.

Qu Aitang and Jing Song, Theories and Methods of Chinese and Tibetan Languages Study, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, July 2000. 760 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-438-5. An important monograph on Tibetan language study, expounding problems of Sino-Tibetan language family study, and deeply analyzing and exploring the Tibetan language family, phonetics, grammar, dialects and the relationship between Tibetan and Chinese and other related languages in five parts: introduction, language family, phonetics, grammar and dialects. With two prefaces by Xing Gon gwan and Qu Aitang.

Phonetics

Dai Qingxia, et al, The Study of the Han-Chinese and Tibetan Words and Phonetics with the Help of Computer, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing. August 1996. 137 pp.Charts. 18 cm. ISBN 7-80057-291-9. A collection of seven papers, including "The Speed and Ways of the Evolution of Tibetan Words: an Analysis of Computer Sample Statistics of the Tibetan Handwritten Copies Found at Dunhuang," "Characteristics of the Bai Language As Viewed from the Results of Computer Statistics," and "Experimental Study of the Han-Chinese and Tibetan Phonetics and Its Theoretical Contributions."

Hu Tan, et al, ed, Spoken Lhasa Dialect Reader (second edition), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, December 1999. 445 pp. Charts. 19 cm. ISBN 7-105-03459-9. The first edition, published in May 1989 by the same publishing house, was listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press.

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Chongdar Tsering, An English-Tibetan-Chinese Conversation Book, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, August 1996. 78 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-223-00916-0. Based on the author's past experiences in language teaching and the current practice in tourism and other service industries and focussing on the phrases and sentences commonly used in tourism and other service industries. Divided into 12 situational conversations.

Orthography

Lotsawa Pham Lodro Tenpa, et al, Collection of Essays on Tibetan Orthography, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, August 1998. 492 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0693-2. A collection of seven representative works on Tibetan grammar by famous scholars from the 13th to the 19th century, including Lotsawa Pham Lodro Tenpa, Shalu Lotsawa, Rinchen Chogyan Sampo, Changkya Rolpai Dorje, Chogden Rinchen Drashi, Yangchen Ruwa Wotsok, Geden Sherab, and Alasha Ngawang Tendar, the focus being on Tibetan orthography, the evolution of old and new phrases, and phonetics.

Drungchok, "Tibetan Words: Many Words Having the Same Meaning and a Word with Many Meanings" and Annotations, Qinghai Ethn ic Publishing House, Xining, February 1999. 577 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 5-[JP2] 5420-0817-X Hardcover. Annotations by Gelek Sonam.[JP] A combination of two books: A Book on Tibetan Words and Phrases by Drungchok and Explantions on "A Book on Tibetan Words and Phrases" by Gelek Sonam, the latter being a detailed explanation to the former in the style of modern dictionary.

Ma Jinwu, A Discussion on Tibetan Orthography, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, December 1999. 736 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0859-5. A detailed discussion and analysis of Tibetan orthography, including the creation and development of the Tibetan script, functions of Tibetan spoken and written language, the principles and characteristics of word-building, the formation and development of the word system, the three characteristic features of verbs, honorific language, idioms, and rhetorical words.

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Phurchung, ed, Rhetorical Words, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, May 1997. 370 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-223-01050-9. Rhetoric is one of the Tibetan traditional "Lesser Five Knowledges," a subject about nomenclature, the use of terms, synonyms and homonyms. The book has a collection of over 20,000 entries of synonyms.

Rinpung Ngawang Jigdral, On Rhetorical Words-Wise Man's Ear Decorations (second edition), Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, April 1999. 199 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03377-0. The first edition, published in November 1985 by the same publishing house, was listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press.

Jamyangyal, Annotations to "A Collection of Rhetoric Words," Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, July 1999. 221 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0847-1. A detailed annotation and explanation of A Collection of Rhetoric Words, a Tibetan language teaching material for senior high schools.

Grammar

Drakden Jampel Yeshe Gyeltsen, A New Tibetan Grammar, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, April 1997. 349 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-223-01046-0. A comprehensive analysis of the two traditional Tibetan grammar books Fundamental Tibetan Grammar of Sambhota in 30 Slokas and Grammar on the Use of the Intensity of Sounds.

Burtse and Lekden, Tibetan Grammar Textbook, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, May 1997. 212 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02746-0. A Tibetan grammar textbook for Tibetan-language schools in Sichuan, compiled on the basis of the Tibetan classic Key to Difficult Questions in Grammar by Gyalse Shepa Thaye and in accordance with the needs of the modern educational program. Appended with eleven tables of the changes of Tibetan verbs.

Tashi Tsering, Questions and Answers on Tibetan Grammar, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, March 1998. 120 pp. 1 3 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1947-7. A book of fundamental knowledge of traditional Tibetan grammar in a question-and-answer form, offering explanations to the basic problems in the Fundamental Tibetan Grammar of Sambhota in 30 Slokas and Grammar on the Use of the Intensity of Sounds.

Zhou Maoji, Tibetan Grammar and Poetic Rhetoric , Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, April 1998. 234 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0689-4. A teaching method of combining Tibetan grammar with poetic rhetoric.

Karma Gelek, Annotations on Tibetan Grammar, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, June 1998. 87 pp. Charts. 19 cm. ISBN 7-105-02946-3. Author's new book on the classic Fundamental Tibetan Grammar of Sambhota in 30 Slokas and new viewpoints on word-building an d sentence structure, offering detailed explanation to the difficult points in s aid classic.

Ma Jinwu, A Bright Lamp for Tibetan Grammar, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, September 1998. 296 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0707-6. Detailed explanations on the Tibetan classics Fundamenta l Tibetan Grammar of Sambhota in 30 Slokas and Grammar on the Use of the Intensity of Sounds, containing the author's original views on the intensity of sounds, the generation and characteristics of nouns, the changes of verbs and the function words.

Rinchen Gonjo Drakpa, A Bright Lamp for Tibetan Grammar, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, December 1998. 195 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-03218-9. The book was written by the author, a Bon master, in 1751, the only one of his many works extant at present. Three characteristic features: 1. Containing the content of Fundamental Tibetan Grammar of Sambhota in 30 Slokas, Grammar on the Use of the Intensity of Sounds and The Sanskrit Spelling and Reading. 2. Explainin g the origin of many terms from the viewpoint of a Bonist, such as "Tubo," "Hindu," and "Sambhota." 3. Making new explanations to the new terms in the boo k. Sanskrit spelling and reading is a necessary subject of the foundation of Tibetan language learning.

Kachin Dorje Gyeltsen, Knowledge of Thirty Slokas and Intensity of Sounds and An Outline of Hetuvidya, Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, July 1999. 331 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-223-01226-9. Detailed and easy-to-understand annotations to the Tibetan grammar books Thirty Slokas and Intensity of Sounds written by Yangjen Drupel Dorje (1809-1887). Appended with works about Hetuvidya by the author.

Drungne Rabgye and Gonpo Drakpa, ed, Concise Sabdavi dya, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, October 1996. 133 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5409-1776-8. An ABC handbook of Tibetan transcription of Sanskrit, with a brief introduction to Sanskrit letters, word-formation, the use of affix and gender and sentence structure.

Tsoru Tsenam, New Annotations to Sabdavidya, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, March 1998. 557 pp. Illus. 26 cm. IS BN 7-80057-299-4. Hardcover. Gems of Snowland Culture Series. Word by word annotations to ancient Indian Arubodhi's Sabdavidya Sastra: Wonderful Sound, a Tibetan Sanskrit classic.

Zhou Wei, Grammatical Characteristics and Comparison in "Biography of Milarepa," China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, June 2000. 410 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-433-4. Biography of Milarepa, authored by Kagyupa Sangye Gyeltsen of Tsang in 1488 (listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies, 1949-1991 published by the Foreign Languages Press), was written in the form of questions and answers between Milarepa and his disciple Rechongpa about the life experience of Milarepa. The vivid narrative in the book is in the spoken language of that time. The author makes a co mparative study of it with modern language. With a preface by Hu Tan.

Lodro, On the Relationship Between Sanskrit and Tibetan, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, February 2000. 253 pp. Illus. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5420-0861-7. A comparative study of the Sanskrit and Tibetan languages, discussing the relations and similarities and differences between them and making an explanation of the relative terms of Sanskrit grammar.

Dorje Gyelpo, Knowledge of Tibetan Grammar ( third edition), Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, March 2000. 117 pp. Charts. 19 cm. ISBN 7-223-01248-X The second (revised) edition, published in March 1982 by the same publishing house, was listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press.

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Kelsang Gyeltsen, et al, Bonist Theses on Tibetan Grammar, Tibetan Ancient Books Publishing House, Lhasa, November 1996. 576 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80589-021-8. Snowland Library. Five theses on Tibetan grammar with characteristics of Bonist culture, one on rhetoric and one on synonyms, all of them written in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Table of the Changes of Tibetan Verbs (third edition), Tibetan People's Publishing House, Lhasa, July 1999. 61 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-223-00348-0. The first and second editions, published in July 1981 and April 1990 respectively by the same publishing house, were listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press. This edition is a revised one.

Creative Writing and Rhetoric

Karma Gyeltsen, A Collection of Letters, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, July 1998. 352 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7- 5409-1998-1. An itroduction to general knowledge of Tibetan traditional letter writing. Including the article by Jumipham (1846-1912), "How to Write Letters" and examples of old-style letters and practical writing, such as letters to Buddhist masters, superior persons, officials and relatives, as well as contracts.

Sangye Rinchen and Drukthar, How to Write Traditional Tibetan Official Documents, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, August 1998. 395 pp. Charts. 20 cm. ISBN 7-5421 -0452-7. Hardcover. Teaching material for writing official documents, introducing the classification and practical writing of modern and traditional official documents . With many practical examples for writing old-style Tibetan official documents and a collection of abbreviations used in old-style documents.

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Theory and Practice on Chinese-Tibetan Translation Compiling Group, ed, Theory and Practice on Chinese-Tibetan Translation, Sichuan Ethnic Publishing House, Chengdu, July 1998. 736 p p. 18.5 cm. ISBN 7-5409-2076-9. Teaching material for Tibetan language departments in institutions of higher learning for national minorities. Nine chapters: the basic theory of Chinese-Tibetan translation, the understanding and expressions of words, phrases and sentences, the translation of political essays, technical and literary works, etc. With a preface by Kelsang Chophel.

Zhou Jiwen and Fu Tonghe, Tibetan-Chinese Translation Course, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, June 1999. 391 pp. 20 c m. ISB N 7-105-03299-5. Teaching material for Tibetan language departments in universities. Three parts: 1. "Introduction," concerning the theory, standard and history of Tibetan translation; 2. On some problems of the translation from Chinese into Tibetan in the aspects of words and phrases, syntax and skills; 3. On the translation from Tibetan into Chinese in the aspects of understanding, expression, vocabulary, grammar and literary translation.

Dictionaries and Lexicographical Works

Gu Wenyi and Shi Xueli, ed, A Handbook of Tibetan Abbreviations, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, March 1995. 51 pp. 2 6 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0316-4. Copied by Bai Zhi. Introducing the methods and rules of abbreviating Tibetan words in handwritten form.

Sichuan Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture Tibetan Compilation and Translation Bureau, ed, Sanskrit-Tibetan Dictionary (second edition), Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, June 1996. 1, 116 pp. Charts. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0440-3. Hardcover. The first edition, published in October 1989 by the same publishing house, was listed in the Catalogue of Chinese Publications in Tibetan Studies (1949-1991) published by the Foreign Languages Press.

Xiang Hongjia, Tibetological Terminology: Chinese-English and English-Chinese, Foreign Languages Press, Beijing, 1997. 273 pp . 18 cm. ISBN 7-119-01980-5. About 10,000 entries related to Tibetan studies. Two parts: Chinese -English and English-Chinese. Tibetan terms are written in accordance with the rules of Latin transliteration. Appended with "A List of the Names of Tibetan Historical Personages," "A List of Tibetan Monasteries and Temples, "Index for Tibetan-Latin Transcript" and other five appendixes.

Paden Drashi, ed, Tibetan-English Bilingual Dictionary, Gansu Ethnic Publishing House, Lanzhou, November 1999. 667 pp. 19 cm. ISBN 7-5421-0692-9. Hardcover. About 7,000 Tibetan-English entries, arranged in Tibetan alphabetic al order, and about 1,000 English-Tibetan entries, arranged in English alphabetical order.

Tsanlha Ngawang Tsultrim, A Dictionary of Ancient Tibetan Words, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, May 1997. 1,063 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-105-02233-7. Hardcover. With more than 7,000 entries of ancient Tibetan words, arranged in Tibetan alphabetical order. Appended with a list of 351 Tibetan ancient books, which are the sources of the entries.

Changkya Rolpai Dorje, Orthography: Wise Men's Treasure, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, December 1999. 283 pp. 20 c m. ISB N 7-105-03687-7. It is the "Collection of Terms from Tripitaka" compiled by the third Changkya Hutuktu by order of the Qing Emperor Qianlong for the translation o f the Tripitaka into Mongolian. Contains Buddhist terms and definitions. Eleven divisions, i.e. Prajna (Wisdom), Madhyamika (Meditation on the Mean), Abhidharma-kosa, Sila and Vinaya (the rules), Buddhist sects, Tantra, logic, grammar and composition, arts and mathematics, medicine, and Tibetan ancient terms).

Gyalrap Langdar and Gao Bingchen, ed and tr, A Handbook of Chinese-Tibetan Proverbs, Ethnic Publishing House, Beijing, February 1999. 460 pp. 18 cm. ISBN 7-105-03190-5. Over 3'600 entries of Chinese proverbs translated into Tibetan, most of them about social life, and the rest relating to farming and climate. Appended with more than 200 entries of Chinese xiehouyu (a two- part allegorical saying, of which the first part, always stated, is descriptive, while the second, sometimes unstated, carries the message).

Ma Jinwu, A Dictionary of Tibetan Idioms, Qinghai Ethnic Publishing House, Xining, December 1999. 498 pp. 19 cm. ISB N 7-5420 -0823-4. Over 2,300 entries of Tibetan idioms, with Chinese translation and explanation. With "A List of Tibetan Idioms" and "A List of Chinese Idioms an d Index of the Strokes of Chinese Entries."

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Dorje, A Study of the Geshza Dialect of the Dawu Language, China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, April 1998. 298 pp. 20 cm. ISBN 7-80057-327-3.The Dawu language is used by a population of about 40,000 inhabitin g mainly Danba and Dawu counties of Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. It was discovered in recent years that the Dawu language was a non-Tibetan language. The author makes a detailed description of the phonetics, vocabulary, and grammatical features of the Geshza dialect of the Dawu language and makes a comparative study between the Geshza and ancient Tibetan language and the Drogkyi dialect of the Gyarong language respectively. He concludes that the Dawu language is independent of Tibetan and Gyarong languages. With a list of words and phrases of the different dialects.